This episode makes reference to guidelines produced by the "National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence" in the UK, also referred to as "NICE". Please note that the content on this channel reflects my professional interpretation/summary of the guidance and that I am in no way affiliated with, employed by or funded/sponsored by NICE.

My name is Fernando Florido and I am a GP in the United Kingdom. In today’s episode I look at a fictitious clinical case of a patient created by Chat GPT to see how the NICE guidelines could apply to it.

 

I am not giving medical advice; this video is intended for health care professionals, it is only my interpretation of the guidelines and you must use your clinical judgement.  

 

There is a YouTube version of this and other videos that you can access here: 

There is a YouTube version of this and other videos that you can access here: 

The Practical GP YouTube Channel: https://youtube.com/@practicalgp?si=ecJGF5QCuMLQ6hrk

The patient was created using the following Chat GPT prompt:

 

A)   Provide a fictitious patient. Details that you should include are:

1)   patient's medical information including:

·      name

·      age

·      sex

·      ethnicity

·      BMI

·      blood pressure

2)   medical history- you must include:

·      either one or two of the following poorly controlled conditions:

·      type 2 diabetes

·      hypertension

·      dyslipidaemia,

·      Asthma or COPD

·      Any number of other medical conditions of your choice, along with whether they are well controlled or not – the medication for these conditions should appear in the next section “medications”

Medications given:·      indicate whether the patient is currently taking medication for each medical condition or not.

·      If medication is prescribed for a condition, indicate the specific drug(s) and their dosages. You may choose to prescribe one, two, or three drugs for each condition as appropriate.

3)   State whether the patient tolerates the medication well or not, and if not, describe the side effect(s) and their severity.

4)   blood test results (give a bulleted list but do not number them):

·      HbA1c expressed in % and mmol/mol

·      renal function tests to include creatinine (expressed first in µmol/L and then in mg/dL), eGFR, urea, sodium, and potassium (expressed in UK units first and then USA units)

·      lipid profile expressed both in mmol/L first and then in mg/dL.

·      If the patient has asthma, give the peak flow reading expressed as a percentage of their best or expected reading.

·      If the patient has COPD, give the FEV1 reading expressed as a percentage of the predicted reading

·      include any other relevant test results for the patient, expressing them in both UK and USA units. If the patient has hypothyroidism or takes levothyroxine medication, provide the results of their thyroid function tests, including both T4 and TSH levels, in both UK and USA units. Also, include the normal range for these investigations.

B)  Provide the patient's cardiovascular risk using the QRISK2 tool, calculated as a percentage of the likelihood of experiencing a cardiovascular event over the next 10 years.

C)   At the end of the patient information, ask: 'What treatment recommendations would you make?' – do not make recommendations yourself

D)  Do not include a disclaimer that the patient is fictitious.

The NICE hypertension flowcharts can be found here: 

Website: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng136/resources/visual-summary-pdf-6899919517 Download: https://1drv.ms/b/s!AiVFJ_Uoigq0lgKKs3AbARF_VLEI?e=KRIWrn 

The full NICE Guideline on hypertension (NG136) can be found here: 

 

Website: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG136 Download: https://1drv.ms/b/s!AiVFJ_Uoigq0lgP6nFVHRypL9fdj?e=Jbtgus  

The full NICE Guideline on Type 2 diabetes (NG28) can be found here: 

 

·      https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng28

 

 

The full NICE guidance on cardiovascular disease risk reduction (CG181) can be found here:

 

·      https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg181

The full NICE guidance on asthma (NG80) can be found here:

 

·      https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng80

 

The full NICE guidance on depression in adults (NG222) can be found here:

 

·      https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng222

 

The full guidance on obesity (CG189) can be found here:

·      https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg189

 

 

Thumbnail photos-

From: www.freepik.com

·      Image by Freepik: Image by a href="https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/excited-young-friends-running-beach_9057871.htm#page=2&query=45%20year%20old%20obese%20woman&position=10&from_view=search&track=ais"Freepik/a

 

 

Intro / outro music: Track: Halfway Through — Broke In Summer [Audio Library Release]  

 

Music provided by Audio Library Plus   

Watch: https://youtu.be/aBGk6aJM3IU  

Free Download / Stream: https://alplus.io/halfway-through  Transcript 

 

 

Hello everyone. My name is Fernando and I am a GP in the United Kingdom. Today we are looking at a fictitious patient generated by Chat GPT with a view to looking at the NICE guidelines from a practical perspective. 

 

If you would like to know the Chat GPT prompt that I have used, you can find it in the episode description. 

 

Right, so let’s jump into it.

Patient Information:

·      Name: Sarah Davis

·      Age: 45

·      Sex: Female

·      Ethnicity: Caucasian

Examination:

·      BMI: 32 (Obese)

·      Blood Pressure: 153/91 mm Hg

Medical History:

·      Type 2 Diabetes

·      Hypertension

·      Dyslipidemia

·      Asthma

·      Obesity

·      Depression

Medications:

·      Metformin 1000 mg twice daily

·      Gliclazide 80 mg once daily

·      Amlodipine 10 mg once daily

·      Indapamide MR 1.5 mg once daily

·      Atorvastatin 20 mg once daily

·      Salbutamol inhaler as needed

·      Sertraline 50 mg once daily

Medication Tolerance:

·      Sarah tolerates her medications well. She has not reported any significant side effects.

Blood Test Results:

·      HbA1c: 8.5% (69 mmol/mol)

·      Renal Function:

o  Creatinine: 90 µmol/L (1.02 mg/dL)

o  eGFR: 91 mL/min/1.73m²

·      Lipid Profile:

o  Total Cholesterol: 5.2 mmol/L (200 mg/dL)

o  LDL Cholesterol: 3.0 mmol/L (116 mg/dL)

o  HDL Cholesterol: 1.2 mmol/L (46 mg/dL)

o  Triglycerides: 2.5 mmol/L (220 mg/dL)

Cardiovascular Risk (QRISK3):

·      Sarah's 10-year cardiovascular risk is estimated at 18%.

So, what treatment recommendations would we make?

Although there is a lot that we can do from a lifestyle perspective, we will focus on the drug treatment only.

 

Right, let’s start with her diabetes, which is poorly controlled with an hba1c of 8.9% or 74 mmol/mol. Sarah is on metformin 1gr BD and gliclazide 80 mg OD and we know she is at high risk of cardiovascular disease with a QRISK3 of 18%.

 

NICE says that for step 2 treatment after metformin, if a patient is at high risk of CVD, we should choose an SGLT2 inhibitor. But this patient has been given gliclazide instead. We would like to see if there is a reason for this and whether an SGLT2 inhibitor was tried before but not tolerated.

So, assuming that there have been no issues, I would recommend starting an SGLT2 inhibitor.

SGLT2 inhibitors are also associated with a degree of weight loss, and given that Sarah is obese, this will be good for her.

Gliclazide on the other hand is associated with weight gain, which is the last thing that Sarah needs. The question now is whether we should stop gliclazide and, if so, when.

In my opinion, gliclazide should be definitely stopped and substituted by another diabetic agent which is weight neutral, for example, a DPP4 inhibitor.

A more difficult question would be when to make this switch. Doing it straightaway has got the disadvantage that, if a side effect develops, we may not know which drug is the culprit. Also, we do not know how much the HbA1c will drop with the SGLT2 inhibitor so there could be a risk of overtreatment.

Right, a balanced decision that you can make depending on your clinical judgement.

I think that I would start the SGLT2 inhibitor first, so, I would start her on something like dapagliflozin 5 mg OD initially and, if tolerated, I may increase it to 10 mg daily fairly quickly, possibly within 3 or 4 weeks to get the maximum effect as soon as possible.

Research studies have shown that the introduction of an SGLT2 inhibitor can lead to a drop in Hba1c of around 1%. Although this could vary depending on the individual patient, Sarah’s HbA1c is poor at 8.9% so even after the SGLT2 inhibitor, she is likely to require a third diabetic agent.

NICE says that if dual therapy with metformin and another oral drug is not enough, we should consider either triple therapy by adding a DPP‑4 inhibitor, pioglitazone or a sulfonylurea or starting insulin. Because of the risk of weight gain, I would try to avoid gliclazide and insulin.

Given that she is on gliclazide 80 mg daily, that is, a quarter of the maximum daily dose of gliclazide, I would probably switch Sarah to a DPP4 inhibitor as soon as she is tolerating the full dose of dapagliflozin. So, we could stop gliclazide and start her on, for example, sitagliptin 25mg daily, which is also a quarter of the maximum daily dose of 100mg.

But I do not think that there is a right or wrong approach in terms of the gliclazide switch. The decision about the timing is very dependent on the individual patient and your clinical judgement. Switching early has some more uncertainty about treatment response whereas switching later may mean

Episode ID: 1000631659768

GUID: 64b6e10c-f011-432c-ae3d-a0eb99537c6e

Release Date: 18/10/2023, 03:06:01